Not sure if this would accomplish what you need.
points = points.OrderBy(x => Math.Atan2(x.X, x.Y)).ToList();
Not very optimized or anything, just looked at your python code and thought this would accomplish the same.
Note: You may need using System.Linq
unless you already have it.
Edit:
Sturm pointed out that reversing the order might be necessary to get them 'clock-wise'
One way of accomplishing this is using OrderByDescending
instead of OrderBy
.