The system stored procedures are not intended to be used for inputs into other tables/procedures.
If you don't want to write your own queries, you can look at the code behind the stored procedure by using sp_helptext
. For system stored procedures you need to be in the sybsystemprocs
db.
use sybsystemprocs
go
sp_helptext sp_columns
go
From there you can take a look at what is being queried and just grab what you need.
It's also helpful to take a look at the Sybase ASE System Tables Diagram: This shows all the system tables, and all the relationships between tables.